After years of discussions, a new law on "plain" cigarette packages is
coming in on Friday.
It will mean an end to white packs with company logos in the UK.
Four of the world's biggest tobacco firms wanted the plans overruled
at the last minute.

They took legal action at the High Court in London but have lost their
case, which means they'll have to stop making their old cigarette
packaging from Friday.
But they'll still have a year to sell any they've already produced.





The truth about smoking in pregnancy
Brighton's thoughts on beach smoking ban
Smoking bans around the world
What the packs would look like
You've seen the picture at the top. So, they'll be a darker olive green
colour. It's thought that implies more harm.
There'll be no more company logos either. Instead the brand name and
make will be in a standard font.
Menthol fags are being banned
In a separate EU law coming in on Friday, new packs will also have to
have extra health warnings on the top.
Promotional statements like "free of additives" or "less harmful than
other brands" will also be banned.
And picture warnings will have to cover 65% of the front and back of
every new pack






You'll be seeing more of picture warnings like these
You'll also say goodbye to packs of 10.
The smallest you'll be able to buy will have 20 cigarettes, or 30g of
rolling tobacco, so there's enough room for warnings.
Plus there'll be new rules on the amount and strength of liquid allowed
in e-cigarettes and herbal products.
It all becomes law on Friday, but again, companies will have a year
before having to comply.
Under the same law, menthol cigarettes and skinny "lipstick-style"
cigarettes will become a thing of the past in the UK by 2020.





They're seen as appealing to young people and wrongfully being
viewed as less harmful.
Manufacturers had already lost their legal challenges over those
changes in the EU's highest court.
Haven't we been hearing about plain packaging for ages?
Yes, there's been a long battle to get to this point. The government
announced it was thinking about standardised packaging in 2011.
It did a consultation on it the next year but then ministers seemed to
go cool on the idea.
That led to accusations they'd been influenced by the tobacco industry.
But then another review of the public health benefits was ordered.
Last year it claimed the plan was "very likely" to lead to a "modest but
important reduction" in smoking.





Why?
Ten million adults are smokers in the UK, despite smoking being the
biggest cause of early deaths.
And more than 600 children aged 11 to 15 start to smoke every day.
That's more than 200,000 a year.
Last year's review says if that number could be cut even by 2%, 4,000
a year fewer would take up the habit.
Some estimates suggest cigarettes kill 100,000 people in Britain each
year.
Research claims standardised packaging makes them less appealing
and helps reinforce health messages - so cancer charities are backing
the plans.





Australia's had unbranded packs since 2012
Ireland passed a similar law last year and Australia's had plain
packaging since 2012.
Obviously the tobacco industry isn't happy
The Tobacco Manufacturers' Association argues there's a "complete
lack of evidence" plain packaging will put smokers off.
They say the move will destroy their highly valuable property rights (to
use their logos) and mean brands will be practically unrecognisable
from each other




They think it breaches several UK and EU laws and is
"disproportionate" to the risk of smoking. Some claim it could also
make selling counterfeit cigarettes easier.
Another hit for tobacco firms
Cigarette firms have faced tough rules on advertising for many years
and have had to carry health warnings since the 1970s.




But in the last decade, smoking's been banned in public places, picture
warnings have been brought in on packs and shops have had to stop
displaying cigarettes.
Last year, a ban on smoking in cars with children came in too.
The smokers' lobby group Forest says: "Consumers are fed up being
patronised by politicians of all parties.
"Smokers know there are health risks associated with tobacco. Plain
packaging won't make any difference.
"What next? Standardised packaging for alcohol and sugary drinks?"
Finance Minister Michael Noonan has been warned squeezed
motorists and businesses cannot afford to wait until the end of the
year for a review of spiralling insurance costs to be published.
The Department of Finance is undertaking a review of the motor
insurance market after rapid price increases over the past 12 months
have seen premiums surge 34%.
Speaking in the Dáil in response to a query by Fianna Fáil TD Thomas
Byrne, Mr Noonan reiterated his stance that the review would be
finalised by the end of 2016.
The finance minister came under pressure from Mr Byrne’s Fianna Fáil
colleague, finance spokesperson Michael McGrath, to fast-track the
process, however.




Mr McGrath said he accepted the minister did not have the power to
directly affect insurance costs but warned that the high cost of motor
protection would harm consumers and stunt economic growth if
allowed to persist.




“This issue cannot wait until the end of the year… While the industry
has a role to play in this regard and must have its voice heard, the
voice of consumers also needs to be heard. Deputies hear day in and
day out about dramatic increases in motor insurance premiums.
“These increases are occurring across the board but younger drivers
and the owners of older vehicles, in particular, are being hammered by
increases in insurance premiums.
“The current rate of increase is not sustainable as it will act as a drag
on the economy and impact on the business community. We need to
get to the bottom of the factors driving the increases and then tackle
them,” Mr McGrath said.




The focus of the first phase of the review is on the motor insurance
compensation framework.
Issues in this regard were highlighted by the collapse of Setanta
Insurance and subsequent wrangling over whether the Insurance
Compensation Fund or Motor Insurers Bureau of Ireland was liable for
policyholders’ claims.
Mr Noonan said the first phase was “nearing completion” but was
unable to say whether policy initiatives could be introduced once it has
been finalised or whether this would only happen once the entire report
has been published.




The second phase of the review will specifically examine the spiralling
cost of motor premiums which are now 60% more expensive when
compared with January 2014.
“Many factors are involved in the dramatic escalation in motor
insurance premiums, including court awards, the need for a review of
the Personal Injuries Assessment Board, legal costs, false and
exaggerated claims, regulatory oversight, and the lack of transparency
regarding the profits earned by insurance companies. All these issues
must be examined,” Mr McGrath added.
The insurance sector argues an increased number of claims, growth in
the number of people going to court to seek compensation, and low
levels of reserves in the industry are to blame for the hike in premiums.
Industry experts have criticised insurance companies for financial
mismanagement which they claim has contributed to the increases.
UberX drivers using personal policies while operating as a paid ride-
share operative are breaking the law and need to check with their
insurance providers to ensure they have appropriate coverage,
suggests Shop Insurance Canada.
“If a vehicle is used for any kind of business, insurance companies
will expect customers to take out a commercial auto policy,” notes a
statement Wednesday from the company, which offers an online
auto insurance quoting tool.



“Drivers working for UberX and using their personal auto insurance
are not properly covered in the event of a collision or other incident.
By the Ontarian and Canadian law, these drivers should be operating
with commercial coverage.”
The rise of Uber and other ride-sharing services has shone a
spotlight on commercial auto insurance coverage, notes the Toronto-
based company.
“It is often the case that customers are not completely clear on the
rules of when a vehicle should be covered by a commercial policy.
This leads to people just sticking with their personal policy, which
can end up being a costly risk,” the statement notes, pointing out
that insurers will “not pay out a claim on a personal policy if the
driver is found to have been using the vehicle for business, or the
driver was an employee of a company.”
Related: Nearly two-thirds of Canadians say Uber should have same
regulations as taxi industry: Angus Reid survey
Shop Insurance Canada notes that vehicle owners falling into the
following criteria are almost certainly in need of commercial auto
insurance:
the vehicle is used to collect or delivers goods, supplies,
food or messages;
the vehicle is used as a method to take passenger for pay
(including ride-sharing companies such as Uber and Lyft);
a vehicle is customized with equipment or goods that
directly support a business, such as permanent tool boxes,
winches and food boxes;
the vehicle is owned by a business or registered to a
business; and
employees are allowed to drive the vehicle for business
purposes.
Uber’s launch in a number of cities across the country had raised
concerns around insurance coverage and protection for drivers and
riders alike.
The Alberta government has introduced new rules to regulate ride-
hailing companies like Uber. Among other things, drivers will need a
professional Class 4 licence, as well as either commercial insurance
or a new insurance policy tailored to the industry.
The position differs from that taken by Saskatchewan, where the
government announced this past March the province would not be
creating special regulations for ride-sharing companies. And earlier
this month in Toronto, city council approved new rules for taxis and
UberX, thereby allowing regular drivers to pick up passengers
without a taxi licence, although both types of drivers must get $2
million in liability insurance.
The European Union expressed concern Wednesday about the rule of
law in Poland and warned that it will take action by next week unless
Warsaw makes progress on fixing the problem.




The EU's executive Commission has been holding informal talks
with Warsaw since November amid concerns about the conservative
government's respect for Poland's Constitutional Court and the way
judges are appointed.
The Commission said if the tribunal "is prevented from fully ensuring
an effective constitutional review, there can be no effective scrutiny
of compliance with fundamental rights of legislative acts."
Warsaw has until Monday to respond. If it does not do so
satisfactorily, the Commission could take action under the "rule of
law framework," which is aimed at protecting EU values like the rule
of law, democracy, equality and the respect of human rights.
The Commission, which enforces the EU's treaties, could then
recommend ways that Poland fix the problem and set a deadline. It
could even impose sanctions. The whole process could lead to
Poland losing its EU voting rights.
Poland has come under strong international criticism since the
conservative Law and Justice took power in November and moved to
exert its influence over the Constitutional Tribunal and public
broadcasters. Critics say both moves undermine the tenets of
Western democracy.


But while Poland's ruling party and opposition leaders are holding
meetings this week trying to find a solution, Deputy Foreign Minister
Konrad Szymanski said Poland needs "much more time" to solve the
crisis and no breakthrough should be expected by Monday.
He said he does not see the warning as an ultimatum, adding that
Warsaw is in constant "friendly" discussion with the Commission.



The Commission warning came as Poland's prime minister sought
an apology from former U.S. President Bill Clinton for having said
that Poles think "democracy is too much trouble" and that they
appear to prefer authoritarian leadership.
Mass strikes against proposed changes to labour laws in France
show no signs of ending, with thousands taking to the streets of
Paris for the sixth day in a row.
Tuesday's rally was part of a series of planned protests called by
unions and student organisations hoping to pressure the French
government into scrapping the planned overhaul.


About 1,000 people have been arrested since protests began
several weeks ago, according to Bernard Cazeneuve, France's
interior minister.


Police said up to 12,000 people took part in Tuesday's
march, while unions put the number at about 55,000.
The marches have turned violent in some cases, with
clashes breaking out between protesters and police in
the western cities of Nantes and Rennes.




Lawyers at the larger firms usually have to deal with long work
hours, few vacations and difficulties in achieving a fair work-
life balance. And the entry level workers at law firms typically
spend hundreds of hours sifting through thousands of
precedents and articles to prepare for cases. BakerHostetler, an
Ohio-based law firm founded in 1916, is taking an innovative
approach to make life easier for its employees by hiring a
robotic legal researcher called ROSS. Specifically, ROSS will
start out by working for the bankruptcy team at BakerHostetler.
ROSS Intelligence co-founder Andrew Arruda told Quartz that
other law firms are also planning to sign licenses for using the
artificial intelligence research program as well.




ROSS was built on IBM Watson, a cognitive
system that can answer questions in natural language. ROSS
will be able to quickly respond to questions after searching
through billions of documents. Lawyers can ask ROSS
questions in plain English such as “what is the Freedom of
Information Act?” And ROSS will show users what the citations
are for its responses. The more ROSS is used by lawyers, the
more it improves its responses. If the laws change, then ROSS
will be able to track whether it affects the case. Essentially,
lawyers will be able to avoid some of the mundane tasks in
favor of being able to focus on the nitty gritty aspects of each
case.



“At BakerHostetler, we believe that emerging technologies like
cognitive computing and other forms of machine learning can
help enhance the services we deliver to our clients,” said
BakerHostetler Chief Information Officer Bob Craig in a
statement . “We are proud to team up with innovators like ROSS
and we will continue to explore these cutting-edge technologies
as they develop.” BakerHostetler has been testing out ROSS
since it was first deployed.
ROSS Intelligence started out as a research project at the
University of Toronto in 2014. And the goal of ROSS
Intelligence from the beginning was to build a legal research
assistant to help scale the abilities of lawyers through artificial
intelligence technology.
Backed by the Y Combinator startup accelerator, ROSS
Intelligence moved from Toronto to Palo Alto in June 2015. It
took about ten months for ROSS to learn bankruptcy law before
it commercially rolled out. Now ROSS Intelligence is building
more legal practice modules into the ROSS system beyond
bankruptcy.
The director-general of the Nigeria Insurers
Association (NIA), Sunday Thomas has said
that the industry was set to achieve a
premium volume of N6trillion and total
market asset base of N16trillion by the year
2020.
Thomas, who made the disclosure at an
Insurance forum organised by Access Bank
Plc also said the industry was expected to
move from current employment of about
10,000 to generate employment of not less
than 300,000 and increase penetration
(Contribution to GDP) of 15 per cent from
the current inconsequential 0.3 percent.
Thomas expressed optimism that the
achievement of a density (Premium per
Capital) of $ 256 was realistic in the next
four years.





Other expectations include reduction of
insurance Gap from 94 per cent to less than
30 per cent, inculcation of insurance culture
among the citizenry and full adoption and
implementation of solvency focused and
risk- based supervision.





These expectations are coming just as the
federal government announced new steps to
address the current poor performance of
insurance in the country.
Minister of finance, Mrs Kemi Adeosun, said
at the just concluded West African Insurance
Companies Association (WAICA) in Lagos,
that in line with the move to diversify and
develop the economy, government sees the
sector as strategic tool that should be
effectively utilised towards the attainment of
the goal.





Adeosun, who was represented at the event
by the director of ffficiency unit in the
ministry of finance, Mrs Patience Oniha, said
there was a strong link between insurance
market development and economic
development, adding that the commonly
used index of measuring the development of
insurance in an economy is market
penetration which is the ratio of total
insurance premiums to the gross domestic
product(GDP).
According to the minister, insurance
contributes less than one per cent to the
GDP but to reverse the ugly situation, she
said the government was committed to
identifying the challenges and taking steps
to address the current poor performance of
insurance in the country.



“It is on this premise that in February, earlier
this year, I inaugurated the Consolidated
Insurance Bill Review Committee in a move
that seeks to make the bill conform to the
ideals of contemporary insurance practice
as well as facilitate public awareness and
consumer protection.
“We are optimistic that the work on the bill
and its eventual passage to law would
positively change the face of insurance
regulation and practice in our country,
Nigeria,” she said.



Adeosun called on the Nigerian Insurance
Industry to fully cooperate with the
committee setup to review the industry’s bill
so as to come up with a draft that would be
the impetus for rapid growth not only for
their sector but the nation and in particular
all consumers of insurance services alike.
The country’s insurance industry has lately
been plagued with a myriad of challenges
ranging from low penetration, inadequate
training of staff to lack of actuaries.
Chairman/Consulting Actuary, TAF
Consulting Group, Mr. Debo Ajayi, in this
interview with ODIRI UCHENUNU, proffers
solutions to some of the challenges
confronting the insurance industry.




Why, in your view, don’t many Nigerians buy
insurance policies?


If people are not buying insurance, it is
because they are smart. This is because,
particularly in Nigeria, Nigerians can make
intuition assessment of the value preposition
of insurance and when they realise they are
not getting a good deal, they won’t buy. It is
not that they don’t value insurance, they do,
it is because the price they pay versus the
benefit they get doesn’t measure up.
When you look at the average lost ratio, the
ratio in Nigeria is 24.2 per cent and what
that really means is that out of every N100
of premium that the insurance industry
collects, only N24.2 is returned to the
insured population. To put this in
perspective, in Kenya, the loss ratio is 59
per cent. This means that out of every 100
shillings collected, the industry returns to
the population 59 Kenya shillings. In
Tanzania, the ratio varies between 50 to 60
per cent. In Uganda, it is 63 per cent, in
South Africa, it is 61 per cent. In Egypt, it is
73 per cent while in Nigeria it is 24.2
percent. So if you are in a transaction that
somebody collects N100 from you and gives
you N24, how sustainable is that transaction
on an on-going basis? Though Nigerians are
not actuaries, they are very smart intuitively.
They can make that judgement. From my
circle of friends, based on their own
insurance experiences, I can tell that when
they pay N100, they get N24. We have
worked for clients in Nigeria and we have
seen their loss ratio and we alerted the
management that this is too low and we
advised that they either cut down premium
or increase benefit for the same premium so
that the loss ratio can go up.
What can be done to avert the low
penetration in the insurance industry?
I told players in the industry that if Nigerians
are not buying insurance, it is not because
they don’t have the need or value for
insurance, but because the price is too high
and it is not sustainable. There is a high
correlation between loss ratio and
penetration of insurance. In Kenya for
example, the penetration rate grew in 2008
from 2.6 per cent to 3.3 per cent in 2013. In
Nigeria, penetration rate is 0.6 per cent. You
see the correlation? Taking you back, in
Kenya, the average loss ratio is 59 per cent.
In the United States, the average loss ratio is
95 per cent, meaning, from every $100
collected from the population, 95 is returned
to them. So the remaining 5 per cent covers
the insurance company’s expenses and
investment income to make up profit.
Another example is Ghana, they went from
0.9 per cent in 2008 to around 1.8 per cent
in 2013. Morocco from 2.9 per cent in 2008
to 3.2 per cent in 2013.
So, principally, I would say rather than spend
all these millions on so called insurance
awareness, improve your benefit offering,
improve your pricing. When people enjoy
insurance, they would buy. Rather than
running away from claims, engage in paying
claims because it is a form of customer
service. So when I said that Nigerians are
not buying insurance because they are
smart, that is what I mean.






The issue about price is a very big one. All
these issues affect penetration by the way.
The product, how it is packaged, how it is
presented, the price is also very important.
Talking about price, whether it is high or low,
of course the price is high because that was
what the loss ratio indicates, but why is the
price high? A lot of time, the insurance
industry in Nigeria does not have the
technical capacity to do right pricing. They
need actuaries whether in life or non-life.
The prices are not credible,they are not
reflecting. Different actuaries use different
assumptions and they have been using
these assumptions for decades and they
have not accumulated statistics to review
these assumptions. Also, the managements
of insurance companies are not asking
questions. So, of course the price is high
and there is no assessment of any price that
I can see happening in this market. So, all of
these together define the low penetration
that we have In Nigeria. If you want to do
proper product packaging for example, you
would need to have product developing
process, that is, you need to identify your
target population, you need to identify their
needs and then before you start talking
about pricing, packaging and all of that. This
is not happening in Nigeria. The woman on
the corner grocery knows the profit margin
of product items that she has in her store,
how many of our insurance companies in
Nigeria know the profit margin of the
product they are selling? They don’t.
Something that important. When they are
asked to develop new products, what they
care about is what are the risks? What are
the benefits? How profitable are these rates?
What are the risk elements in this product?
What are the capital implications of this
product? What is the vulnerability to me in
terms of this product? So when they are
selling education products, mortgage
protection products, annuity products, they
don’t have or know the profit margin for all
these products. Even at the product initiation
stage, that information is not in the product
menu. So I conclude that the insurance
companies are managing their businesses
using a rear view mirror to drive in the dark.
It is pathetic. I can talk to you like this
because of the technical know-how. The
average person on the street would probably
have a difficult time even appreciating what
I am saying. They just know that insurance
is a bad deal. If something has to change in
Nigeria, these things have to be addressed.
There is a need to also develop actuaries.
What can the regulators do to revive the
industry?
The government and stakeholders need to
develop actuaries. I have written proposals
on the need to train actuaries but to no avail.
We have a fully equipped classroom in this
place for video conferencing and all of that,
getting actuaries outside Nigeria to teach
Nigerians, entirely based on our own
investment, no single support from
government or any industry association. We
are putting these things in place because we
believe that the insurance industry cannot
develop without that technical capacity. It is
just not possible.
The insurance industry having 0.6 per cent
penetration is a testimony that there are
problems there, you don’t need to be a super
actuaries to know that and here we are. I
chase them instead of them chasing me. I
really don’t understand why Nigerians don’t
want to be developed. As a Nigerian, I am
committed to developing Nigerians to the
extent of becoming world class actuaries
and I know I would be remembered one day.
I hold two classes of stakeholders
responsible for the state of Nigeria’s
insurance industry, the regulator and the
shareholders. There is no way as a
shareholder I would invest capital in an
organisation and not care about sound
management of that company. The level of
oversight that I display with my company
would drive the quality of management and I
would get answers for the right questions.
So, something must be wrong somewhere. I
don’t know what is it but I have an opinion
that something is wrong with the
shareholding structure of insurance
companies in Nigeria. If that is dealt with
and the regulator improves on its capacity
and its independence, then Nigeria’s
insurance industry would start to see some
progress.


As an actuary, what have you contributed to
the industry?


Actuaries need to get involved in the
industry. We have been chasing the
regulators but to no avail, we have not
stopped. The social insurance trust fund that
covers workers’ compensation throughout
Nigeria requires actuaries and a lot of data
gathering. This is an insurance fund that
covers people against injury, death and
occupational hazard in this market and it is
mandatory by legislation. How are they
doing? They collect billions every month and
they don’t have a single qualified actuary.
We have offered them to help train actuaries
further, still no response.



How can being an actuary help solve the
unemployment rate in Nigeria?

As I speak to you now, being an actuary is
the number one job in the United States and
yet we have huge graduate unemployment in
Nigeria. You can imagine a graduate going
to teach in a kindergarten. If these graduates
can subscribe to the training we have in
Nigeria within 12 to 16 months, they can
begin to apply for jobs in the US, but they
are completely unaware. Youth
unemployment, the insurance industry with
low penetration, social insurance industry
and the pension industry that is sitting on a
time bomb when pensioners are going to
out-live their retirement assets, all need
actuaries to help reform.
Beyond that, there is what we called
enterprise risk management that is a vast
field covering all industries that actuaries are
the only professionals that are best suited
for enterprise risk management.
The Federal Government will soon release a new blueprint to
reposition the country’s insurance industry, Minister of Finance,
Mrs Kemi Adeosun has said.


The minister announced this at the 38th Annual General Meeting
and Education of West Africa Insurance Companies Association,
WAICA, in Lagos yesterday.
Adeosun, who was represented by Mrs. Patience Oniya, a
Director in Efficiency Department in the Ministry of Finance, said
the country’s Insurance Industry was part of the current
government’s plan to diversify the economy and said the new
blueprint would change the face of the industry.
“As part of efforts to reposition the industry, and make it play a
more critical role in the economy, government has inaugurated a
committee on the Review of the Insurance (Consolidated) bill.
This committee is expected to submit its findings soon for proper
action to be taken,” she said.
She called on insurers to support the committee to achieve
growth for the industry.
Adeosun also said government would support the industry to fill
its capacity gap, noting that not too long from now, its
contribution in Gross Domestic Product, GDP, which at present
was lower than one per cent would increase.


Earlier, Commissioner for Insurance and Executive Secretary,
National Insurance Commission, NAICOM, Mr. Mohammed Kari,
said though the future of the sector was hard to predict, there
was need to be prepared at all times.
He said insurers were faced with the challenges of new
businesses, changing laws and regulation among others.
, stressing notwithstanding these challenges, there was enough
potential for positive growth of the insurance sector in West
Africa.


“However, these growths would be achieved given the
collaborative efforts of the players, regulators and governments
in the regions. The potentials I see are not limited to some
prospective demands for insurance products but for the
operator’s collective efforts to address common issues that were
hitherto seen as individual’s problems,” he said.


The President of WAICA, Mr Ivan Avereyireh in his opening
speech called for collaboration between West African supervisory
Authority (WAISA) and WAICA for the development of member
countries economy,


The Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) Thursday shut down the
Abuja Head offices of Nicon Insurance plc and other businesses
owned by Barrister Jimoh Ibrahim over tax liability in excess of
N6.2 billion.
FIRS tax enforcement team arrived both NICON Insurance plaza at
the Central Business District and Nicon Luxury Apartment at Area
11 Garki about noon Thursday. The two businesses concerns the
tax authorities said are defaulting in payment of Company Income
Tax (CIT) and Value Added Tax.
At NICON Insurance plaza, staff of the insurance company were
ordered out of the premises by FIRS tax enforcement team while
the main entrance to the plaza was shut. The tax team however
listened to complaint of other tenants operating offices within the
plaza and created alternative an entrance for them.
At Nicon Luxury hotel, where a crucial meeting of Peoples
Democratic Party (PDP), Concerned stakeholders meeting was
taking place, when the team swooped on the hotel their presence
caused partial disruption to PDP meeting. The gathering was given
up to 3pm to finish the session by FIRS tax enforcement team.
When contacted, FIRS spokesperson Wahab Gbadamosi said the
shutdown of the two businesses concerns was part of nationwide
enforcement by FIRS for tax compliance.